HISTORY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AT THE KYRGYZ STATE MEDICAL ACADEMY NAMED AFTER I.K. AKHUNBAEV

The department of pathophysiology at KSMI was opened in 1940 by d.m.s., prof. P.Y. Mytnik (1940 – 1950), who studied issues related to ecology and the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. The head of the department, G.L. Frenkel (1952 - 1960), focused his scientific interests on the etiology and pathogenesis of life-threatening conditions: electric injury, shock, and burn disease. The works of the head of the department, prof. A.Y. Tilis (1960 - 1986), were associated with clarifying the body's response to solar-thermal overheating and questions of adaptation to high-altitude conditions. The head of the department, prof. A.K. Kadyraliev (1986-1994), studied the specifics of the body's adaptive processes in conditions of high-altitude hypoxia in response to acute blood loss and experimental heart defects. The head of the department, d.m.s., prof. E.M. Ismailov (1994 – 1998), researched the etiology and pathogenesis of high-altitude pulmonary edema.

Mytnik Pyotr Yakovlevich

At the department, dissertations were defended, and the following individuals worked there: D.A. Alymkulov, prof. M.I. Kitaev - a well-known specialist in the field of immunology and pathophysiology, Honored Scientist of the Kyrgyz Republic, such as A.A. Almerekova, Prof. N.I. Akhunbaeva, M.A. Aliev, M.T. Turkmenov, and many others. The department's renowned associate professors include S.B. Fabrikant, T.I. Isaev, A.K. Kaziev, B.K. Kadyrmaev, O.Sh. Shaimbetov, L.L. Ilyina, and others.

D.A. Alymkulov, prof. M.I. Kitaev - a well-known specialist in the field of immunology and pathological physiology, Honored Worker of Science of the Kyrgyz Republic, as A.A. Almerekova, prof. N.I. Akhunbaeva, M.A. Aliev, M.T. Turkmenov, and many others defended their theses and worked at the department. Famous associate professors of the department are S.B. Fabrikant, T.I. Isaev, A.K. Kaziev, B.K. Kadyrmaev, O.Sh. Shaimbetov, L.L. Ilyina and others.

P.Y. Mytnik, G.L. Frenkel, and A.Y. Tilis prepared 44 candidates and 10 doctors of sciences. Currently, under the leadership of d.m.s., prof., honored scientist of the Kyrgyz Republic, laureate of the state prize of the Kyrgyz Republic in science and technology, honorary professor of the Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University named after B. Yeltsin. R.R. Tukhvatshin, significant scientific, pedagogical, and social work is being carried out. Tukhvatshin R.R. has prepared 51 candidates and 10 Doctors of Medical Sciences, who are now independently training their students and leading institutes, centers, and departments. Thus, the heads of the departments are: professor Z.A. Aidarov (dean of  KSMA named after I.K. Akhunbaev), professor B.A. Kakeev (KRSU), professor A.A. Koibagarova (KSMA named after I.K. Akhunbaev), professor R. Kanaev (postgraduate education and professional training of KSMA), professor D.K. Muratov (Osh State University), professor A.K. Choldanbaeva (vice-rector for science of KSU named after J. Balasagyn), associate professor Sh. Berkmatov (JASU, head of the department of  pathology), associate professor A. Duishenov (KSAFiS), Associate Professor R.S. Rozyeva (KSMA for postgraduate education and professional training, head of the department of therapy), associate professor N.A. Toktogulova (KRSU, head of the department of pediatrics), associate professor E.A. Chernysheva (KSMA named after I.K. Akhunbaev), and others.

Several students of the "Tukhvatshin’s school" are successfully working abroad: Muhammad Walid Zib (Jordan), Samara Bayan (UAE), Tiliaeva A.M. (Kazakhstan), Balabekova M.K. (Kazakhstan), Kopteva O.D. (Russia), Kabanova Z. (USA), Pyak I.R. (Russia), Meisigov T.B. (Russia).

A total of 316 printed works have been published, including abroad, among them 13 monographs. 19 patents have been obtained from Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Ukraine. License no. 020 Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic for the production of "FLORITEST" according to patent no. 960370 dated April 25, 1996, has been obtained, and its production has been established.

Tukhvatshin R.R. participated in the international project MNTCR 766 (Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Japan) and organized expeditions to the villages of Minkush, Mayluu-Suu, Kadzhi-Sai, and Darhan to assess the health status of the residents of these settlements. The results of his research were presented at International (Japan, Canada, Denmark, Germany, Israel, Russia, Ukraine, Georgia, Kazakhstan, and others) and Republican scientific congresses and symposiums.

At the department, there is an associate professor and educational manager , c.m.s., Kazieva A.A. For her impeccable work, productive labor, and contribution to the development of healthcare in the republic, Kazieva A.A. has been repeatedly awarded: in 2007 - honorary diploma of the ministry of health of the Kyrgyz Republic, 2008 - excellence in healthcare, 2021 - honorary diploma of the Jogorku Kenesh KR, 2023 - honorary diploma of the Kyrgyz State Medical Academy named after I.K. Akhunbaev "For conscientious work, high professionalism, and active participation in the life of the KSMA".

Raimov B.R., c.m.s., associate professor, worked as the educational manager of the department of  pathophysiology from 1998 to 2012. According to the results of anonymous surveys "Educational process and teachers through the eyes of students," Raimov B. was recognized as one of the best lecturers at the I.K. Akhunbaev Kyrgyz State Medical Academy (KSMA). In 2014, he won the competition for "The best teacher among theoretical departments of the Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University (KRSU)." He has been awarded the honorary diploma of KSMA and KRSU four times. In 2003, he was awarded the breastplate "Excellence in healthcare" by the ministry of health of the Kyrgyz Republic.

Kadyrova T. Sh. started her professional career as an assistant at the department. From 2004 to 2006, she completed her clinical residency at the department of pathophysiology of  KSMA named after I.K. Akhunbaev. Later, until 2012, she worked as a teacher, and in 2013, she was transferred to the position of senior lecturer. She is responsible for the state language. She translated the course syllabi, lectures, and compiled a Kyrgyz-Russian dictionary of pathophysiology. For her active work, she has been awarded the Honorary diplomas of KSMA named after I.K. Akhunbaev and the ministry of health of the Kyrgyz Republic. In 2023, she entered the doctoral program.

Doctoral student Topchubaeva T.M., after successfully defending her candidate dissertation, is now working on her doctoral dissertation studying the pathogenesis of mastopathy in mountainous conditions. In total, the department has three doctoral students and seven postgraduate students.

Pathophysiology, as a branch of medicine and biology:

• Studies and describes specific causes and mechanisms, general patterns of occurrence, development, and completion of diseases, pathological processes, conditions, and reactions.
• Develops principles and methods for their detection (diagnostics), treatment, and prevention.
• Develops the doctrine of disease and the diseased organism, as well as theoretical principles of medicine and biology.

The department has implemented the following teaching methods: linear, PBL (problem-based learning), CBL (case-based learning), TBL (team-based learning), RBL (research-based learning), and project-based learning.

The department uses key textbooks on pathophysiology by P. Litvitsky, V.A. Frolov, A.Sh. Zaychik, L.T. Churilov, E.N. Nurmukhambetov, as well as teaching materials and monographs written by department staff (e.g., "Hypoxia, adaptation, pathogenesis, clinic" edited by Yu.L. Shevchenko, 2000; "Pathophysiology of blood: methodical recommendations for foreign citizens faculty," 2011; "Modern medical and environmental problems and ways to solve them" by R.R. Tukhvatshin, A.N. Nurmukhambetov, M.K. Balabekova, Almaty, 2014; "Diagnosis and Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease" by R.B. Sultanaliyeva, N.A. Toktogulova, R.R. Tukhvatshin, 2021).

The main scientific directions of the department include the study of the mechanisms of high-altitude hypoxia, problems of radiobiology, oncology, and others. Over the past 5 years, the department has prepared 5 candidates and 1 Doctor of Medical Sciences.

There is a student scientific circle (SSC) operating at the department, where students independently discuss modern issues of pathophysiology during weekly meetings. They also participate annually in scientific conferences. For example, Zh. Mirbekova (3rd year student) took first place at the international congress of pediatricians in 2023, and Dautova, a 4th-year student, took second place at the 30th russian conference of young scientists with international participation "Current problems of biomedicine - 2024" (march 21-22, 2024).

The department's staff contribution to healthcare in Kyrgyzstan includes lectures delivered to doctors on the mechanisms of disease development, organized in collaboration with Santo company in 2020-2023 (10 lectures in Osh, Jalal-Abad, Tokmok, Kant, Kara-Balta, Bishkek) and 7 online lectures.

In recent years, the department has acquired the following equipment: an encephalograph, a spirometer, an ELISA analyzer, a gas analyzer, computers, and others.

The department has also participated in international projects, such as the international scientific and technical center of the Kyrgyz Republic (MNTCR) 766, and the project "Comparative experimental-clinical assessment and methods of correction of complications caused by chemotherapy of neoplastic processes of the mammary glands associated with mutations in the BRCA1BRCA2 Genes (Experimental-Clinical Study)" (Kazakhstan, Ak-Tyube), and "Respiratory system condition in individuals who have had covid-19" (Kazakhstan, Almaty).

In recent years, research topics funded by the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic have been conducted, focusing on the health status of residents living in the vicinity of uranium tailings storage facilities. The results of these studies will contribute to the preparation of a draft law "On Social Protection of residents of the Kyrgyz Republic living in the zone of uranium tailings storage facilities."

R.R. Tukhvatshin has delivered lectures at medical faculties of Osh State University, Kyrgyz-Uzbek University, University of Toronto (Canada),Yeltsin Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University (KRSU), Kazakh-Russian Medical University, master classes at S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University (2013, 2014, 2015, 2016), Marat Ospanov West Kazakhstan Medical University (2018, 2019, 2020), and Samarkand State Medical Institute (2022) as part of the "Visiting Professor" program. Staff from these universities have also visited the I.K. Akhunbaev Kyrgyz State Medical Academy under the "Visiting Professor" program.

The achievements of the department include the establishment of a modern scientific laboratory, publication of monographs, articles (indexed in Scopus).

Awarded: R.R. Tukhvatshin - honored scientist of the Kyrgyz Republic (2022); Kazieva A.A. - awarded the title of associate professor (2023). Raimov B.R. - awarded the honorary diploma of the ministry of education and science of the Kyrgyz Republic (2023), “For scientific merits” (2021), awarded “Ardaktyy mugalim” by the “Bakty nur” foundation (2023). Alisherova A.Sh. - awarded the honorary diploma of the Jogorku Kenesh of the Kyrgyz Republic.

Educational activities

 

         The Department of Pathological Physiology is provided with educational equipment, has a sufficient number of classrooms, microscopes, computers, multimedia computer equipment, television screens, etc. This technology is used during lectures to demonstrate slides that present the most modern views on the etiology and pathogenesis of the main pathological processes and diseases.     The Department of Pathophysiology is interfaculty. Pathophysiology is taught at the following faculties: medical (2-3 year), pediatric (2-3 year), preventive medicine (2-3 year), faculty of "General Medicine in English” (2-3 year), dental (2 year) , , pharmacy (2nd year). Classes are also conducted in evening departments, these are (on the basis of secondary pharmaceutical education) and (on the basis of secondary nursing education). In addition, it is planned to conduct classes for students at the new Faculty of Medical Engineering.

Teaching pathological physiology is carried out according to approved work programs. There is an approved fund of assessment tools for the specified academic disciplines. In accordance with the curriculum, the Department of Pathophysiology has an approved calendar and thematic plan of lectures and practical classes for students of these faculties.

 In addition to textbooks to prepare for classes, students use a number of educational and teaching aids for students prepared by department staff. There are several manuals prepared in English. Multimedia presentations have been published on all lecture topics. In order to optimize preparation for classes, electronic educational and methodological complexes have been developed for students of all faculties. Lecture texts and information have been revised, translated into PDF format and placed in MOODLE.

The department practices such forms of training and control as writing written tests, abstracts, solving clinical cases, conducting training and control computer testing. When assessing the level of students' knowledge in final classes and exams, the following system for monitoring student knowledge is used: computer testing, oral or written response, knowledge of practical skills.

The educational process is fully supported by textbooks on pathophysiology from various authors, and the electronic educational environment is widely used. During practical classes, special attention is paid to the latest areas of medical research and the achievements of world science in the field of medicine. Methodological guidelines for practical classes developed by the department's staff are constantly updated and improved. The guidelines for teachers and students have been revised in accordance with the new educational program.

In this case, the main attention is paid to the introduction of elements of independent work of students. Clinical and pathophysiological cases and tests allow not only to consolidate the acquired theoretical knowledge, but also form the clinical thinking of the future doctor and the ability to apply knowledge in practice.

For full and high-quality practical classes, the Department of Pathophysiology develops teaching aids, uses various diagrams and tables, which are additional material for students’ independent preparation for classes. Computer demonstration programs are being created, videos on class topics are being filmed and shown, and electronic tests have been developed. Each academic year, 20% of the current and midterm tests are updated.

Methodological recommendations and tickets for midterm controls and exams were compiled in accordance with the new educational programs. The tasks are presented in a clinical aspect with a description of complaints, anamnesis, objective examination data and the most significant laboratory data. The presented tasks allow for an adequate assessment of the skills of pathophysiological analysis of clinical and laboratory data.

 

                   Associate professors and assistants of the department regularly undergo advanced training both in their specialty and in pedagogy and psychology.

         The Department of Pathological Physiology concluded an “Agreement on cooperation on educational and methodological work, lecturing and conducting practical classes for students and teachers” with the Departments of Pathophysiology of the following universities: Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University (WKMU), Samarkand State Medical Institute, Federal State Institution of Science Institute of Physiology named after. I.P. Pavlova of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

-Pathological-physiology

-Pathologic

Since 1998, under the guidance of Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Laureate of the State Prize of the Kyrgyz Republic in the field of science and technology, R.R. Tukhvatshin, significant scientific, pedagogical, and public work has been carried out at the department. More than 150 printed works, including 6 monographs, have been published by him, some of them internationally. The monograph "Man-caused uranium pollution of Kyrgyzstan biosphere" (2005) was written jointly with scientists from Japan. The results of his research have been presented at International (Japan, Canada, Israel, Moscow, Kiev, Tbilisi, etc.) and Republican scientific congresses and symposiums. Under the editorship of R. Tukhvatshin, 7 peer-reviewed collections of scientific papers have been published, and an International Symposium "Results and Perspectives of Modern Medicine Development in the Context of the 21st Century" was organized, with scientists from India, Nepal, Great Britain, Germany, Poland, Russia, Ukraine, Moldova, and others participating. Seven patents of the Kyrgyz Republic and Russia and 20 certificates for rationalization proposals have been obtained. License No. 029 FD MH KR for the production of "FLORITEST" under patent No. 960370 dated April 25, 1996, has been established. R. Tukhvatshin's inventions span various fields including medicine (pharmaceutics, sports medicine), military technology, road construction, and have been demonstrated multiple times at the Exhibition of Achievements of the National Economy of the former USSR and the Exhibition of Achievements of the National Economy of the Kyrgyz Republic (diploma No. 1198 of the Exhibition of Achievements of the National Economy of the USSR). He is a member of the International Program from the Kyrgyz Republic "Modern Problems of Radiobiology: Science and Practice" at the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow, a member of the editorial board of the journals "Radiation. Biology. Radioecology" and "Vladikavkaz Medical-Biological Bulletin" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and was the deputy editor (1998-2002) of the journal "Healthcare of Kyrgyzstan".

R.R. Tukhvatshin has supervised the preparation of 47 candidates and 10 Doctors of Medical Sciences, who are currently independently mentoring their own students, heading institutes, centers, and departments. Currently, the heads of departments are: Professor Z.A. Aidarov (Dean of the Kyrgyz State Medical Academy named after I.K. Akhunbayev), Professor B.A. Kakeev (Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University), Professor A.A. Koibagarova (Kyrgyz State Medical Academy named after I.K. Akhunbayev), Professor R. Kanaev (Kyrgyz State Medical Institute of Postgraduate Education and Refresher Courses), Professor D.K. Muratov (Dean, Osh State University), Professor A.K. Choldanbaeva (KNU), Associate Professor Sh. Berkmatov (JASU), Associate Professor A. Duishenov (Kyrgyz State Agrarian University named after K.I. Skryabin), Associate Professor R.S. Rozyeva (Kyrgyz State Medical Institute of Postgraduate Education and Refresher Courses), Associate Professor N.A. Toktogulova (Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University), Associate Professor E.A. Chernysheva (Kyrgyz State Medical Academy named after I.K. Akhunbayev), and others.

Several of his students are successfully working abroad and continue their scientific work: Muhammad Valid Zib (Jordan), Samara Bayan (UAE), Tilyaeva A.M. (Kazakhstan), Balabekova M.K. (Kazakhstan), Kopteva O.D. (Russia), Kabanova J. (USA), Pyak I.R. (Russia), Meysigov T.B. (Russia).

During his scientific and pedagogical career, he has published a total of 316 printed works, including 13 monographs, some of which have been published abroad. His students come from diverse backgrounds, including Kyrgyz, Russians, Jews, Kazakhs, Tatars, Uzbeks, Arabs, Koreans, Azerbaijanis, and others.

1. Tukhvatshin has obtained 19 patents from Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Ukraine, as well as certificates for rationalization proposals. License No. 029 FD MH KR has been granted for the production of "FLORITEST" based on patent No. 960370 dated April 25, 1996, and its production has been established. His inventions have been demonstrated multiple times at the Exhibition of Achievements of the National Economy of the former USSR and the Exhibition of Achievements of the National Economy of the Kyrgyz Republic. Several patents, including devices, methods, and preparations, allow for the modification of neurophysiological functions in humans and animals. For example, a device for studying the motor activity of animals (Certificate of Authorization No. 946510, Application No. 2898563), a means exhibiting anti-edematous activity in experimental brain edema (Patent No. 2007768), and a method for physiologically improving memory in healthy rats (Invention. CertificateNo. 91724 RK).

Working with a pressure chamber

R.R. Tukhvatshin participated in International Project KR 766 (Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Japan) and organized expeditions to the villages of Minkush, Mayluu-Suu, Kadji-Sai, and Darkhan to assess the health status of the residents, including studying the central nervous system ( conditions and the peculiarities of the development of neoplastic processes in the brain.

For their series of works in this field, including the monograph "Man-caused uranium pollution of Kyrgyzstan biosphere" (2005) co-authored with scientists from the National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic and Japan, participants of International Project KR 766 were awarded the State Prize of the Kyrgyz Republic in the field of science and technology

The results of scientific research in this field attracted interest from foreign organizations. R.R. Tukhvatshin was included in the International Program from the Kyrgyz Republic "Modern Problems of Radiobiology: Science and Practice" under the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAN), and he was also invited to join the editorial board of the journal "Radiation. Biology. Radioecology" (Moscow).

Currently, he is the head of a research project funded by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Kyrgyz Republic (MOiN KR), which is related to studying the health status of residents living in the vicinity of uranium tailings. The outcomes of this research will contribute to the preparation of a draft law on "Social Protection of Residents of the Kyrgyz Republic Living in the Vicinity of Uranium Tailings."

He participated in the International project "Study of the hematotoxic effect of heavy metals and the possibility of activating protective-adaptive mechanisms of the body using normo- and hypobaric hypoxia in adult and elderly animals in comparison" (Kyrgyz Republic, Almaty).

He led the scientific project "Kumtor Operating Company" with the organization of scientific expeditions in the Issyk-Kul region.

From 2018 to 2020, he was the head of an international project together with the rector of the Marat Ospanov West Kazakhstan Medical University, E.Zh. Bekmukhambetov, titled "Comparative experimental-clinical evaluation and methods of correction of complications caused by chemotherapy of neoplastic processes associated with mutations in the BRCA1, BRCA2 genes (experimental-clinical research)."

As a result of these projects, two monographs were published. Specifically, in the monograph "Hypoxitherapy of metal-induced blood system disorders and cognitive functions in animals," the state of the central nervous system (CNS) in animals of different ages was described, and methods for correcting behavioral reactions through the use ofnormobaric hypoxia sessions were developed.

Out of the 57 candidate and doctoral dissertations prepared by R.R. Tukhvatshin, more than 20 works are dedicated to issues of clinical physiology and neurophysiology. These studies focused on the condition of the brain and sensory organs. For example, for the first time, the possibility of reducing manifestations of pathological pain through the activation of physiological mechanisms was investigated, where an additional focus of excitation is formed in the brain, leading to the release of endorphins. In the research conducted by R.R. Tukhvatshin and his students, it was found that the brain of elderly individuals retains a certain untapped potential for its physiological functioning as they age. This discovery enabled the development of techniques for correcting and activating the cognitive abilities of the brain.

Several studies have explored the clinical and physiological parameters of the central nervous system (CNS) in humans and animals under various conditions, including electromagnetic exposure, infrasound, blast waves, hypoxia, surgical stress, medication effects, and others.

For the grant project of the United Nations Population Fund for the prevention of AIDS, R.R. Tukhvatshin developed a special information card for various segments of the population.

The results of his research were presented at international (Japan, Canada, Denmark, Germany, Israel, Russia, Ukraine, Georgia, etc.) and republican scientific congresses and symposia.

Lecture by R.R. Tukhvatshin In Astana

Government award to Tukhvatshin R.R. - Honored Scientist

Scientific and organizational work.

Tukhvatshin R.R., as the head of the Central Research Laboratory, reorganized and equipped the Central Research Laboratory with modern equipment. For the first time since the establishment of the laboratory, he created conditions for the defense of doctoral dissertations (ZhaparovB.Zh., Tararak T.Y., Rachkov A.G., ChotoevZh.A., Sirota N.N., Tukhvatshin R.R.).

As the head of the expedition, R.R. Tukhvatshin organized scientific expeditions on the Tuya-Ashu pass.

 

For the first time in the Kyrgyz Republic, a PCR laboratory (later the Bonetsky Laboratory) was organized on the basis of the Central Research Laboratory in 1998.

For high achievements in the scientific field, the Central Research Laboratory, which has the third category, was awarded the first category.

For 8 years, he worked in the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic as the chairman of the Scientific Medical Council, where he conducted an examination of scientific projects and reports of medical research institutes and universities, consideration of methodological recommendations of scientists of the Kyrgyz Republic. He developed the Project "Development of Science in the Kyrgyz Republic", with which he spoke at the meeting of the Parliament (11.02.2014).

Member of the editorial board of the journals "Radiation. Biology. Radioecology and the journal "Vladikavkaz Medical and Biological Bulletin" of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Deputy Director (1998-2002) "Healthcare of Kyrgyzstan"... etc.

In 2013, together with the Department of Pathophysiology, the Kazakh National International University organized the First Eurasian Congress on Pathophysiology "The State and Prospects for the Development of Pathophysiology in Modern Conditions", at which the prospects for the development of educational and scientific areas in medicine were discussed with scientists from other countries.

Tukhvatshin R.R. is constantly improving his professional level. He completed thematic advanced training in Moscow on the course "Foreign Economic Activity and Scientific and Technical International Cooperation in the Field of Healthcare"; in medical education (WHO – "Improving Medical Education for Better Health: Innovative Approaches in Education", training at Indiana University, USA - on ethical medicine, master class "Pathophysiology of cerebral circulatory disorders" (Prof. Kulikov V.P., Russia), cycle of advanced training of the Kyrgyz State Medical Institute for Retraining and Advanced Training named after S.B. Daniyarov "Fundamentals of Evidence-Based Medicine" (156 hours), etc.

Tukhvatshin R.R. reads a full course of lectures to students of all faculties of KSMA, lectures were held at the medical faculties of Osh State University, Kyrgyz-Uzbek University, at the University of Toronto (Canada), KRSU, Kazakh-Russian Medical University, master class at the Kazakh State Medical University named after S.D. Asfendiyarov (2013; 2014; 2015; 2016) and West Kazakhstan Medical University named after Marat Ospanov (2018; 2019, 2020) under the program "Visiting Professor».

Lectures were given on the mechanisms of development and prevention of Covid-19 organized with Santo in 2020-2021 (10 lectures - Osh, Jalal-Abad, Tokmok, Kant, Kara-Balta, Bishkek) and 7 lectures online.

New methods have been unified and introduced at the Department of Pathophysiology for undergraduate and postgraduate students - encephalography, spirometry, micronucleus test, computer capillaroscopy.

The department has a student scientific circle consisting of students from different faculties and courses.

According to the results of the anonymous questionnaire "Educational process and teacher through the eyes of students", Tukhvatshin R.R. was three times noted among the best lecturers of KSMA named after I.K. Akhunbaev, his department has been taking prizes at KSMA named after I.K. Akhunbaev in recent years, at the end of the year in the field of science.

He gives a full course of lectures on pathophysiology to students of KSMA, the Faculty of Medicine of Osh State University and the Kyrgyz-Uzbek University, lectures at the University of Toronto (Canada) and conducted a master class at the Kazakh Medical University named after S.D. Asfendiyarov. The textbook "Hypoxia" was published abroad, which was included in the curriculum for students of medical universities in Russia. For students and doctors, its scientific results are set out in 15 methodological recommendations.

A lot of scientific work is carried out at the department by postgraduate students and applicants (Topchubaeva T.M. - "Etiopathogenetic and clinical features of the development of mastopathy in conditions of mountain hypoxia depending on the polymorphism of estrogen and progesterone receptor genes",Kadyrova T.Sh. - Study of blood changes in type 2 diabetes mellitus, under radiation conditions,Arstanbekov M.M. - Etiopathogenetic features of changes in the morphofunctional state of the brain in experimental animals in introduction of energy drinks against the background of hypobaric hypoxia, Uvaidillaeva F.T. - The role of growth hormone on the etiopathogenetic and clinical course of type 1 diabetes in children, Zhumataeva B.K. - Etiopathogenetic and clinical features of the course of hypothyroidism in women living in the zone of uranium tailings in the conditions of the middle mountains, Sultanbekov A.S. - Features of the male reproductive system against the background of the action of uranium radionuclides, Suerkulov B.B. - Influence of etiopathogenetic and clinical features osteoporosis of the maxillofacial region for dental implantation in the correction of bone mineral density, Aaliev T.B. - The state of the immune system and its role in the development of postpartum endometritis, etc. ) in such areas as radiobiology, hematology, cardiology, endocrinology, urology, dentistry, etc. together with the clinical departments of KSMA, NII NAS KR and foreign scientists (Russia, Belarus, France, etc.).

Working with graduate students

Work on the doctoral dissertation of Topchubaeva T.M.